Construction of Bar Graphs

Now we will discuss about the construction of bar graphs or column graph. In brief let us recall about, what is bar graph?

Bar graph is the simplest way to represent a data.

● In consists of rectangular bars of equal width.

● The space between the two consecutive bars must be the same.

● Bars can be marked both vertically and horizontally but normally we use vertical bars.

● The height of bar represents the frequency of the corresponding observation.

For example, let us observe the following data of the bar graph.

The following data gives the information of the number of children involved in different activities.

How to Construct a Bar Graph?

Steps in construction of bar graphs/column graph:

● On a graph, draw two lines perpendicular to each other, intersecting at 0.

● The horizontal line is x-axis and vertical line is y-axis.

● Along the horizontal axis, choose the uniform width of bars and uniform gap between the bars and write the names of the data items whose values are to be marked.

● Along the vertical axis, choose a suitable scale in order to determine the heights of the bars for the given values. (Frequency is taken along y-axis).

● Calculate the heights of the bars according to the scale chosen and draw the bars.

Bar graph gives the information of the number of children involved in different activities.

Solved examples on construction of bar graphs:

1. The percentage of total income spent under various heads by a family is given below.

Represent the above data in the form of bar graph.

2. 150 students of class VI have popular school subjects as given below:

Draw the column graph/bar graph representing the above data.

Solution:

Take the subjects along x-axis, and the number of students along y-axis

Bar graph gives the information of favourite subjects of 150 students.

3. Number of students in 5 different classes of a school is given below. Read the data and represent it through a bar graph.

Let us draw a bar graph to represent the given information.

(i) Draw a horizontal axis and mark the points on the line to show class I, class II, class III, class IV, class V at convenient intervals.

(ii) Draw a vertical axis and chose the 1 square = 25 students to mark the points to represent number of students.

(iii) Draw bars of equal thickness for each class keeping equal gap between the bars.

(iv) Give the title as number of students in 5 different classes of a school.

4. The vehicular traffic at a busy road crossing in a particular place was recorded on a particular day from 6am to 2 pm and the data was rounded off to the nearest tens.

Bar graph gives the information of number of vehicles passing through the crossing during different intervals of time.

Reading a Bar Graph:

Information can also be shown on other kinds of charts. We can make charts on squared paper also. They are called bar graph. A bar graph has bars of different heights.

1. Look at the bar graph given below. Each bar shows the number of girls in the classes.

Read the bar graph & fill in the blanks.

(i) How many classes are there in the school?

(ii) How many girls are there in class 1?

(iii) Total number of girls in the school.

(iv) Total number of girls in classes 4 & 5.

(v) Which class has maximum girls?

2. The following bar graph shows the different types of snacks available at snacks shoppy.

Read the bar graph & fill in the blanks.

(i) How many snacks are there in the snacks shoppy?

(ii) How many sweets are there in snacks shoppy?

(iii) Which snacks are available in maximum number and how much?

(iv) Which snacks are available in minimum number and how much?

(v) In how much quantity your favorite snack is available?

3. The number of cycles produced by a factory in a week for 5 days is given below.

Draw a bar graph with respect of the above information.

Solution:

Steps to draw the bar graph are as follows.

Step I: On a graph paper, draw a horizontal and vertical line.

Step II: Along a horizontal line, mark the days at points taken at equal distance.

Step III: Choose the scale as 1 division = 100 cycles

Step IV: The height boars as follows:

Production on Monday \(\frac{1}{100}\) × 700 = 7th division.

Production on Tuesday \(\frac{1}{100}\) × 800 = 8th division.

Production on Wednesday \(\frac{1}{100}\) × 1000 = 10th division.

Production on Thursday \(\frac{1}{100}\) × 900 = 9th division.

Production on Friday = \(\frac{1}{100}\) × 1200 = 12th division.

Step V: Draw bars of equal width and height as calculated in the Step IV at the points marked in Step II as shown in the bar graph.

4. A maths teacher checked weather the new technique of teaching he applied alter quarterly test was effective or not. He took the scores of the 5 weakest children in the quarterly test (our of 50) and in the half yearly test (out of 50) as follows:

Construct a bar graph to represent the above data.

Solution:

The required bar graph is as shown below:

Scale: 1 big division = 5 marks

● Statistics

• Real Life Statistics
  
• Terms Related to Statistics
  
• Frequency Distribution of Ungrouped and Grouped Data
  
• Use of Tally Marks
  
• Class Limits in Exclusive and Inclusive Form
  
• Construction of Bar Graphs
  
• Mean
  
• Mean of the Tabulated Data
  
• Mode
  
• Median
  
• Construction of Pie Chart
  
• How to Construct a Line Graph?

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