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Trigonometrical Ratios of (90° + θ)

What is the relation among all the trigonometrical ratios of (90° + θ)?

In trigonometrical ratios of angles (90° + θ) we will find the relation between all six trigonometrical ratios.

Let a rotating line OA rotates about O in the anti-clockwise direction, from initial position to ending position makes an angle ∠XOA = θ again the same rotating line rotates in the same direction and makes an angle ∠AOB =90°.

Trigonometrical Ratios of (90° + θ)

Diagram 1

Trigonometrical Ratios of (90° + θ)

Diagram 2

Trigonometrical Ratios of (90° + θ)

Diagram 3

Trigonometrical Ratios of (90° + θ)

Diagram 4

Therefore we see that, ∠XOB = 90° + θ

Take a point C on OA and draw CD perpendicular to OX or OX’.

Again, take a point E on OB such that OE = OC and draw EF perpendicular to OX or OX’. From the right-angled ∆ OCD and ∆ OEF we get,

∠COD = ∠OEF [since OB ⊥ OA]

and OC = OE.

Therefore, ∆ OCD ≅ ∆ OEF (congruent).

Therefore according to the definition of trigonometric sign, OF = - DC, FE = OD and OE = OC

We observe that in diagram 1 and 4 OF and DC are opposite signs and FE, OD are either both positive. Again we observe that in diagram 2 and 3 OF and DC are opposite signs and FE, OD are both negative.

According to the definition of trigonometric ratio we get,

sin (90° + θ) = FEOE

sin (90° + θ) = ODOC, [FE = OD and OE = OC, since ∆ OCD ≅ ∆ OEF]

sin (90° + θ) = cos θ


cos (90° + θ) = OFOE

cos (90° + θ) = DCOC, [OF = -DC and OE = OC, since ∆ OCD ≅ ∆ OEF]

cos (90° + θ) = - sin θ.


tan (90° + θ) = FEOF

tan (90° + θ) = ODDC, [FE = OD and OF = - DC, since ∆ OCD ≅ ∆ OEF]

tan (90° + θ) = - cot θ.


Similarly, csc (90° + θ) = 1sin(90°+Θ)

csc (90° + θ) =  1cosΘ

csc (90° + θ) = sec θ.


sec (90° + θ) = 1cos(90°+Θ)

sec (90° + θ) =  1sinΘ

sec (90° + θ) = - csc θ.


and cot (90° + θ) = 1tan(90°+Θ)

cot (90° + θ) = 1cotΘ

cot (90° + θ) = - tan θ.


Solved examples:

1. Find the value of sin 135°.

Solution:

sin 135° = sin (90 + 45)°

            = cos 45°; since we know, sin (90° + θ) = cos θ

            = 12


2. Find the value of tan 150°.

Solution:

tan 150° = tan (90 + 60)°

            = - cot 60°; since we know, tan (90° + θ) = - cot θ

            = 13

 Trigonometric Functions





11 and 12 Grade Math

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