Multiplication of a Matrix by a Number

We will discuss here about the process of Multiplication of a matrix by a number.

The multiplication of a matrix A by a number k gives a matrix of the same order as A, in which all the elements are k times the elements of A.

Example:

Let A = $\begin{bmatrix} 10 & 5\\ -3 & -7 \end{bmatrix}$ and B = $\begin{bmatrix} -2 & 9\\ 0 & 3\\ -1 & 5 \end{bmatrix}$

Then, kA = k$\begin{bmatrix} 10 & 5\\ -3 & -7 \end{bmatrix}$

              = $\begin{bmatrix} 10k & 5k\\ -3k & -7k \end{bmatrix}$ and

kB = k$\begin{bmatrix} -2 & 9\\ 0 & 3\\ -1 & 5 \end{bmatrix}$

     = $\begin{bmatrix} -2k & 9k\\ 0 & 3k\\ -1k & 5k \end{bmatrix}$

Similarly,

$\begin{bmatrix} a & b\\ c & d \end{bmatrix}$ = $\frac{1}{k}$$\begin{bmatrix} ka & kb\\ kc & kd \end{bmatrix}$.

Solved examples on Multiplication of a Matrix by a Number (Scalar Multiplication):

1. If A = $\begin{bmatrix} 10 & -9\\ -1 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$, find 4A.

Solution:

4A = 4$\begin{bmatrix} 10 & -9\\ -1 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$

     = $\begin{bmatrix} 4 × 10 & 4 × (-9)\\ 4 × (-1) & 4 × 4 \end{bmatrix}$

     = $\begin{bmatrix} 40 & -36\\ -4 & 16 \end{bmatrix}$

2. If M = $\begin{bmatrix} 2 & -3\\ -4 & 5 \end{bmatrix}$, find -5A.

Solution:

-5M = -5$\begin{bmatrix} 2 & -3\\ -4 & 5 \end{bmatrix}$

       = $\begin{bmatrix} (-5)  × 2 & (-5)  × (-3)\\ (-5)  ×  (-4) & (-5)  × 5 \end{bmatrix}$

       = $\begin{bmatrix} -10 & 15\\ 20 & -25 \end{bmatrix}$

10th Grade Math

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