Exact Value of cos 54°

We will learn to find the exact value of cos 36 degrees using the formula of multiple angles.

How to find exact value of cos 54°?

Solution:

Let A = 18°                          

Therefore, 5A = 90°

⇒ 2A + 3A = 90˚

⇒ 2θ = 90˚ - 3A

Taking sine on both sides, we get

sin 2A = sin (90˚ - 3A) = cos 3A

⇒ 2 sin A cos A = 4 cos\(^{3}\) A - 3 cos A

⇒ 2 sin A cos A - 4 cos\(^{3}\) A + 3 cos A = 0

⇒ cos A (2 sin A - 4 cos\(^{2}\) A + 3) = 0 

Dividing both sides by cos A = cos 18˚ ≠ 0, we get

⇒ 2 sin θ - 4 (1 - sin\(^{2}\) A) + 3 = 0

⇒ 4 sin\(^{2}\) A + 2 sin A - 1 = 0, which is a quadratic in sin A

Therefore, sin θ = \(\frac{-2 \pm \sqrt{- 4 (4)(-1)}}{2(4)}\)

⇒ sin θ = \(\frac{-2 \pm \sqrt{4 + 16}}{8}\)

⇒ sin θ = \(\frac{-2 \pm 2 \sqrt{5}}{8}\)

⇒ sin θ = \(\frac{-1 \pm \sqrt{5}}{4}\)

Now sin 18° is positive, as 18° lies in first quadrant.

Therefore, sin 18° = sin A = \(\frac{-1 \pm \sqrt{5}}{4}\)

Now, cos 36° = cos 2 ∙ 18°

⇒ cos 36° = 1 - 2 sin\(^{2}\) 18°

⇒ cos 36° = 1 - 2\((\frac{\sqrt{5} - 1}{4})^{2}\)

⇒ cos 36° = \(\frac{16 - 2(5 + 1 - 2\sqrt{5})}{16}\)

⇒ cos 36° = \(\frac{1 + 4\sqrt{5}}{16}\)

⇒ cos 36° = \(\frac{\sqrt{5} + 1}{4}\)

Therefore, sin 36° = \(\sqrt{1 - cos^{2} 36°}\),[Taking sin 36° is positive, as 36° lies in first quadrant, sin 36° > 0]

⇒ sin 36° = \(\sqrt{1 - (\frac{\sqrt{5} + 1}{4})^{2}}\)

⇒ sin 36° = \(\sqrt{\frac{16 - (5 + 1 + 2\sqrt{5})}{16}}\)

⇒ sin 36° = \(\sqrt{\frac{10 - 2\sqrt{5}}{16}}\)

⇒ sin 36° = \(\frac{\sqrt{10 - 2\sqrt{5}}}{4}\)

Therefore, sin 36° = \(\frac{\sqrt{10 - 2\sqrt{5}}}{4}\)

Now cos 54° = cos (90° - 36°) = sin 36° = \(\frac{\sqrt{10 - 2\sqrt{5}}}{4}\)

Therefore, cos 54° = \(\frac{\sqrt{10 - 2\sqrt{5}}}{4}\)

● Submultiple Angles

• Trigonometric Ratios of Angle \(\frac{A}{2}\)
• Trigonometric Ratios of Angle \(\frac{A}{3}\)
• Trigonometric Ratios of Angle \(\frac{A}{2}\) in Terms of cos A
• tan \(\frac{A}{2}\) in Terms of tan A
• Exact value of sin 7½°
• Exact value of cos 7½°
• Exact value of tan 7½°
• Exact Value of cot 7½°
• Exact Value of tan 11¼°
  
• Exact Value of sin 15°
• Exact Value of cos 15°
• Exact Value of tan 15°
  
• Exact Value of sin 18°
• Exact Value of cos 18°
• Exact Value of sin 22½°
• Exact Value of cos 22½°
• Exact Value of tan 22½°
• Exact Value of sin 27°
• Exact Value of cos 27°
• Exact Value of tan 27°
  
• Exact Value of sin 36°
• Exact Value of cos 36°
• Exact Value of sin 54°
• Exact Value of cos 54°
• Exact Value of tan 54°
• Exact Value of sin 72°
• Exact Value of cos 72°
• Exact Value of tan 72°
• Exact Value of tan 142½°
  
• Submultiple Angle Formulae
  
• Problems on Submultiple Angles

11 and 12 Grade Math

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